The global financial crisis and the resultant slowdown in the global economy during the year 2008-2009 have halted industrial and business expansion. The subsequent drying up of liquidity has led to an overall slowdown in the real estate sector in India.

There has been sales slowdown across all real estate asset classes: Residential, Commercial, SEZ/Industry Parks.

Demand in real estate has remained grim, primarily due to low consumer confidence. This can be attributed to a weak economic scenario. High levels of inflation led to the government increasing interest rates. This led to the drying up of liquidity available for businesses to expand, leading to a slowdown in the commercial real estate demand. The increase in the cost of finance also led to a drop in residential real estate demand.

According to a report released by UBS Investment Research in April 2009, unsold inventory with developers in major residential real estate destinations in India is still high at around 18% of the properties being promised for delivery over the next 12 months.

The inventory situation is not limited to the residential space. Recent data from Jones Lang Lasalle REIS on supply and vacancy for office space in Delhi and Mumbai indicates that office vacancy rates are very high. However, analysts and industry experts believe that long term prospects of the Indian real estate sector remain promising.

According to ASSOCHAM, the Indian domestic real estate market is estimated to be approximately USD 15 billion, of which FDI contributions are expected to be less than USD 4 billion.

The share of FDI in real estate is expected to increase manifold in the coming years with the gradual relaxation of ceiling in construction space permitted to foreign investors.

India’s growing young population, rapid urbanization, growth in industry and services and rapid development of tourism are factors that will propel real estate demand in the long term.

A number of reforms introduced by the Government in recent years have contributed to the scorching pace of development of the Indian Real Estate Industry in the past and will facilitate future growth. These real estate reforms include:

• Repealing the Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976 by a large number of Indian States
• Allowing FDI upto 51% in single brand retail outlets and 100% in cash and carry
• In April 2008, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) announced amendments to the SEBI (Mutual Funds)
• Regulations 1996 permitting the launch of Real Estate Mutual Funds (REMFs) in India. REMFs are required to invest at least 35% of the net assets of the scheme directly in real estate (in ready-to-use property that assures rental income and capital appreciation) not stating the maximum investment limit
• Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) have been allowed entry into India. REITs cater to the capital requirement of the real estate sector as it enables the company easy access to funds and preferable exit options

[reference: Annual Report 2009, Peninsula Land]